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; Urban and Metro, | population_density_km2 = | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_demonym = Groninger | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 9700–9747 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = 050 | website = | footnotes = }} Groningen (; Gronings: ''Grunnen''; West Frisian: ''Grins'') is the main municipality as well as the capital city of the eponymous province in the Netherlands. With a population of (in ), it is the largest city in the north of the Netherlands. An old city, Groningen was the regional power of the northern Netherlands, a semi-independent city-state and member of the German Hanseatic League. Groningen is a university city: it houses the University of Groningen (about 28,000 students) and the Hanze University of Applied Sciences (about 25,000 students). ==History== The city was founded on the northernmost point of the ''Hondsrug'' area. The oldest document referring to Groningen's existence dates from 1040. However, the city already existed long before then: the oldest archaeological traces found are believed to stem from the years 3950–3720 BC, although the first major settlement in Groningen has been traced back to the 3rd century AD. In the 13th century, when Groningen was an important trade centre, its inhabitants built a city wall to underline its authority. The city had a strong influence on the surrounding lands and made its dialect a common tongue. The most influential period of the city was the end of the 15th century, when the nearby province of Friesland was administered from Groningen. During these years, the ''Martinitoren'' was built, which loomed over the city at (then) 127 metres tall.The city's independence came to an end when in 1536, it chose to accept Emperor Charles V, the Habsburg ruler of the other Netherlands, as its overlord. It later joined the Republic of the Seven United Provinces. In 1614, the University of Groningen was founded, initially only for religious education. In the same period the city expanded rapidly and a new city wall was built. That same city wall was tested during the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1672, when the city was attacked fiercely by the bishop of Münster, Bernhard von Galen. The city walls resisted, an event that is still celebrated with music and fireworks on 28 August (as "''Gronings Ontzet''" or "''Bommen Berend''"). The city did not escape the devastation of World War II. In particular, the main square, Grote Markt, was largely destroyed in April 1945 in the Battle of Groningen. However, the ''Martinitoren'', its church, the ''Goudkantoor'', and the city hall were not damaged. The battle there lasted several days. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Groningen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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